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World Health Organization: This conference drew up the first sanitary convention or agreement, but it was not widely ratified by the participating nations, and it soon lapsed. A long series of additional sanitary conferences took place, having their respective international conventions which attempted to govern quarantine throughout the world. In 1948 the World Health Organization was founded, and undertook a study of the international sanitary conventions with a view to bringing them up to date. This organization avoided the use of conventions which required ratification as treaties, and promulgated the International Sanitary Regulations (World Health Organization Regulations No. 2), that can be revised by a vote of member nations.
A health manpower report prepared by the National Commission of Community Health Services showed that the U.S. hospitals and health organizations were maintaining the ratio of 150 doctors per 100,000 population only by filling out one-fifth of their needs with physicians from other countries. The demand for health care had also created serious shortages of nurses and other paramedical personnel. Among the solutions being suggested were new methods of health care organization and government support for new or expanded education programs in the health sciences.
A new organization, the World Federation of Public Health Associations, was formed in Geneva, Switz. The function of this agency was to speed the exchange of information between countries and to complement the WHO by providing more informal channels of communication and the additional stimulus of enthusiasm from voluntary public health associations.
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