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With Growth Body: Extreme disturbances and deviations in physical maturity affect the child's adjustment. Among these deviations may be mentioned oversize, undersize, extreme acceleration or retardation in rate of growth, disproportionate growth of certain parts of the body, and inappropriate growth. Very tall girls feel especially self-conscious; during adolescence they may find heterosexual adjustment exceedingly difficult. Boys, on the other hand, are usually more disturbed at being undersized.
Lateral growth in trees frequently begins later than growth in height, but the period of lateral growth is longer. Rates of lateral growth likewise are low at the outset, increasing after a few weeks and then diminishing. In view of the long annual period of lateral growth in trees, deleterious environmental conditions may exercise a pronounced effect on growth. In the wood of trees of temperate regions, narrow and wide growth rings may be observed, marking years characterized by unfavorable and favorable conditions for growth.
Growth Cycles.—Longitudinal and lateral (diametral) growth do not proceed continuously, but rather are cyclical phenomena with growth body periods of growth activity alternating with growth body periods of relative inactivity. One of the best illustrations of the periodic nature of growth in large woody stems is to be found in the annual ring pattern which characterizes the wood of trees of temperate regions. It has been suggested recently that even in the apparently ever-growing trees of the tropical rain forest, cambial growth is not a continuous process.
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