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Used In Small Boilers: Fuels are classified as solid, liquid, or gaseous. All three classes are widely used in furnaces, and the uses described below are merely illustrative.
Solid Fuels.—Powdered coal is used in copper-smelting reverberatory furnaces and in large boilers. When coal is used in small boilers and furnaces, it is usually burned on grates ; but liquid and gaseous fuels have largely superseded coal for small furnaces. Coke is used in blast furnaces and foundry cupolas.
Boilers.—The steam for electric power gen-tion is produced in boilers or steam-generating ts, which are fired by coal except where local iditions make oil or gas more economical, ilers are also used to produce steam for chemi-food, and other processing industries, and for tral heating. See also BOILER. Kilns.—Kilns are used to change the char-er of a raw material without producing fusion. e commonest use is in calcining a material, t is, removing an unwanted constituent by t, as in drying, degassing, or chemical de-iposition of a carbonate.
1 40% of the gross volume of the largest space, the volume to include the casing up to the level at which the horizontal area of the casing is 40% or less of that of the space concerned or 2 35% of the entire volume of the largest space including the casing; provided that the above mentioned percentages may be reduced to 35% and 30% respectively for cargo vessels of less than 2000 gross tons; provided also that if two or more spaces containing boilers or internal-combustion-type machinery are not entirely separate, they are to be considered as forming one compartment. For the purpose of this paragraph the volume of gas is to be calculated at 0.56 cubic meter to the kilogram (9 cubic feet to the pound). When carbon dioxide is used as an extinguishing medium both for cargo spaces and for spaces containing boilers or internal-combustion-type machinery, the quantity of gas need not be more than the maximum required.
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