Education.—Although Scottish education h a long history before the Reformation, the R formers' First Book of Discipline gave it impeti It was impossible to carry out the new ideals the 16th century, but the church continued to t: to establish a school in every parish. In the 19 century, education came to be recognized as a fun tion of the state, and the Education (Scotland Act of 1872 transferred responsibility for primal schools to elected school boards and made atten< ance compulsory. Successive acts have in effei created a comprehensive national system of edua tion under the ultimate control of the Scottish Edt cation Department (see section 7. Government] but with wide powers given to local education com mittees.
Until recently Dr Richard Bailey was a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Education at Christ Church University College. He is now in the Department of Science and Technology Education at the University of Reading, where he teaches in the area of Physical Education. His primary research interests concern the contributions the biological sciences can make to education, especially in the early years. Current projects include the evolutionary nature of children's play and children's physiological responses to physical activity.
In Scotland the essential differences are that the examinations are under the control of the Scottish education department and that the higher level examination, the equivalent of advanced level of GCE, requires a wider range of subjects and leads to an earlier entry to universities at a less specialized stage.
Education.—Although Scottish education h a long history before the Reformation, the R formers' First Book of Discipline gave it impeti It was impossible to carry out the new ideals the 16th century, but the church continued to t: to establish a school in every parish. In the 19 century, education came to be recognized as a fun tion of the state, and the Education (Scotland Act of 1872 transferred responsibility for primal schools to elected school boards and made atten< ance compulsory. Successive acts have in effei created a comprehensive national system of edua tion under the ultimate control of the Scottish Edt cation Department (see section 7. Government] but with wide powers given to local education com mittees.