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Phenomenal Growth Of Organized: The phenomenal growth of organized labor in the United States in the 1930's was partly a product of this shift in government policy and in public sympathy. More important was a growing awareness by unskilled and semiskilled industrial workers that collective action was possible for them as well as for skilled craftsmen, once freedom to organize unions without employer interference was effectively established.
The notion of Heraclitean fire threw emphasis on the incessant changefulness of the phenomenal world. The Eleatic school of the 5th century B. c., represented by Parmenides and Zeno, argued that this phenomenal realm is not ultimately real, but a realm of appearance only.
Although a number of chains were established luring the latter half of the 19th century, their
•eal growth occurred during the 20th century, iven as late as 1919, the estimated volume of :hains was less than 5% of total retail sales, but >y 1929 this proportion had increased sixfold to ibout 30%. The phenomenal development of the
•hains during the 1920's is explained by eco-lomic and social factors. The time was ripe for ipplying mass methods on a widespread basis in etail distribution, where efficiency had not generally kept pace with industrial mass production echniques. The number of people living in cities ras about twice that at the beginning of the entury, and a large amount of the city growth :ame during the 1920's.
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