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Modern Growth: Lateral growth in trees frequently begins later than growth in height, but the period of lateral growth is longer. Rates of lateral growth likewise are low at the outset, increasing after a few weeks and then diminishing. In view of the long annual period of lateral growth in trees, deleterious environmental conditions may exercise a pronounced effect on growth. In the wood of trees of temperate regions, narrow and wide growth rings may be observed, marking years characterized by unfavorable and favorable conditions for growth.
Inability to compete with Europe in the struction of metal hulls, be they driven by s steam, and the low price of American wooden sailing vessels, limited the growth o shipyards in the United States. Despite s( attempts by the federal government to sub iron steamship lines, the real impetus fo growth of metal shipbuilding in America, a able market protected from foreign compel did not come into being until the United 5 began to build a modern growth navy. The tide ti when orders for four steel warships, the At, Boston, Chicago, and Dolphin, were plac( 1883. Thenceforward the navy was steel building's most important customer, the i stay of its growth and existence.
Growth Cycles.—Longitudinal and lateral (diametral) growth do not proceed continuously, but rather are cyclical phenomena with periods of growth activity alternating with periods of relative inactivity. One of the best illustrations of the periodic nature of growth in large woody stems is to be found in the annual ring pattern which characterizes the wood of trees of temperate regions. It has been suggested recently that even in the apparently ever-growing trees of the tropical rain forest, cambial growth is not a continuous process.
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