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Long-term Health: Children and young people who express their stress reactions in outward and 'challenging' ways are those most likely to get away from the stress in the short term but whose lives may be socially damaged in the long term, for instance, by being excluded. Those who cannot express the effects of stress through outward behaviour may not be such a problem in the short term but may end up suffering from illnesses, both physical and mental, in the longer term. A child or young person may well succeed academically but questions have to be asked. What is the cost of academic success and conformity to a very competitive system? At what point should teachers modify the pressures exerted by the education system on children and young people in order to preserve their health and well-being in the long term? At what point is it worth losing health and well-being for academic attainment and the illusory promise of success later in life?
As will be seen later, in order for exercise to promote short-term fitness gains and enhance long-term health and well-being, children should regularly take part in activities of varying intensity, a number of days a week. The actual levels of physical activity in young children are notoriously difficult to measure; many of the standard procedures used with adults, such as self-reporting, measuring energy intake, heart rate monitoring and observation, can be inappropriate and problematic with infants.
In 1968 the Public Health Service was reorganized into three separate health agencies: the Health Services and Mental Health Administration, the National Institutes of Health, and the Consumer Protection and Environmental Health -Service, including the Food and Drug Administration, one of the agencies originally transferred into the Federal Security Agency in 1939. These three health agencies are directed by the assistant secretary for health and scientific affairs, who is aided by the surgeon general of the Public Health Service.
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