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Continued Education: Education.—Although Scottish education h a long history before the Reformation, the R formers' First Book of Discipline gave it impeti It was impossible to carry out the new ideals the 16th century, but the church continued education to t: to establish a school in every parish. In the 19 century, education came to be recognized as a fun tion of the state, and the Education (Scotland Act of 1872 transferred responsibility for primal schools to elected school boards and made atten< ance compulsory. Successive acts have in effei created a comprehensive national system of edua tion under the ultimate control of the Scottish Edt cation Department (see section 7. Government] but with wide powers given to local education com mittees.
About 70 colleges and universities offer programs to train health education teachers, and the profession is growing. Members of the profession feel strongly that health education should not be considered a part of physical education and that physical education should not be a branch of health education. Some high schools now give a half year to physical education and a half year to health instruction.
Forster's Education Act 1870, which heralded compulsory state education, made provision for school boards to ensure attendance but they were not compelled to do so, though later Acts strengthened this aspect. More recent Education Acts, however, have reinstated the right of parents to opt to educate their children 'at home', though this has often been made difficult and met with social and administrative disapprobation. This was enshrined in the Education Act 1944 where the term 'education otherwise' was coined, and again in Section 7 of the Education Act 1996 which states:
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